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1.
Patient Educ Couns ; 113: 107772, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37146529

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the usefulness of a booklet as support material for counseling focused on self-efficacy and therapist interaction in the course of counseling in a hybrid CR program (i.e., supervised and unsupervised sessions) developed for low-resource settings. METHODS: Counseling material was developed by a multidisciplinary team, with patient input. Using multi-methods, first input from patients from six centers in Chile was sought through a telephone survey (cross-sectional). Second, input from physiotherapists delivering the intervention at all centres was solicited qualitatively through a focus group on Zoom. Content analysis was performed using a deductive-thematic approach. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients were included. All (100 %) participants responded that the materials were easy to understand, contained suggestions applicable to daily life, captured their attention and was useful for future questions. The booklet overall was rated 6.7 ± 0.6/7 %, and 98.2 % were satisfied with the counselling. Overall themes from the six deliverers related to the CR intervention (e.g., well manualized protocols for counselling), the deliverer (e.g., expertise to deliver) and patients (e.g., found information useful). CONCLUSION: The usefulness of the counseling together with the supporting booklet was established by patients and delivering professionals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Thus, with some final refinement, this resource can be disseminated for use by other Spanish CR programs.


Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca , Humanos , Reabilitação Cardíaca/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Aconselhamento/métodos , Autoeficácia , Grupos Focais
2.
Medwave ; 21(4): e8181, 2021 May 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34037583

RESUMO

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly throughout the world. Latin American and the Caribbean countries have been harshly affected by the pandemic mainly due to less prepared healthcare systems and fragmented social safety nets. In the region, health status population-based indicators are worse than compared to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Recent evidence suggests that the progression and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the prior health status of individuals, and studies have shown that the case fatality rate is highly stratified among different populations. This narrative review aims to describe factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the context of social determinants of health in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In this review, we state that genetic and biological factors interact in a sophisticated way with social determinants of health, impacting the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Behavioral factors, such as physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy diets, are related to chronic systemic inflammation. Also, air pollution can prolong inflammation and the hyper-activation of the immune system. Air pollutants could facilitate the spread of the virus. Finally, frailty and comorbidities can be associated with COVID-19 severity through increasing vulnerability to stressors and leading to more severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, including a higher mortality risk. All these factors contribute to increasing the impact of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. We highlight the relevance of considering social determinants of health in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, not only in controlling the likelihood of getting the disease but also its progression and severity. All these social determinants can guide the design and implementation of tailored interventions promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, which should lower the spread of the disease, its severity, and lethality.


La pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2, se ha diseminado rápidamente a través del mundo. Los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe han sido afectados duramente por la pandemia principalmente debido a falta de preparación de sus sistemas de salud y debido al fragmentado sistema de seguridad social. Además, en la región, el estado de salud de la población muestra peores indicadores de salud comparado con los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico. Evidencia reciente sugiere que la progresión y severidad de la COVID-19 están asociadas con el estado de salud basal del individuo, y algunos estudios han mostrado que la letalidad está altamente estratificada entre diferentes poblaciones. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es describir los factores asociados con peor evolución de la COVID-19 en el contexto de los determinantes sociales de la salud en los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. En esta revisión, se indica que los factores biológicos y genéticos interactúan de una manera sofisticada con los determinantes sociales de la salud, impactando la rápida diseminación de la COVID-19 en los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Factores del comportamiento, como la inactividad física, fumar, y una dieta poco saludable, están relacionadas con una inflamación sistémica crónica. Además, la contaminación ambiental puede prolonger la inflamación y la hiperactivación del sistema inmune. Las partículas contaminantes del aire pueden facilitar la dispersión del virus. Finalmente, el síndrome de fragilidad y las comorbilidades están asociadas con severidad de la COVID-19, aumentando la vulnerabilidad ante factores estresantes y provocando síntomas más graves de la enfermedad COVID-19, aumentando el riesgo de mortalidad. Todos los factores mencionados, contribuyen a aumentar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Destacamos la relevancia de considerar los determinantes sociales de la salud en los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, no sólo para controlar el riesgo de contagio, sino también la progresión y severidad de la enfermedad. Los determinantes sociales pueden guiar el diseño y la implementación de intervenciones para promover los estilos de vida saludable, que puede contribuir a reducir la diseminación de la enfermedad, su severidad y letalidad.


Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Humanos , América Latina , Fatores de Risco , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(2): 125-130, jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1053129

RESUMO

La Stevia es un edulcorante no calórico de origen natural. En Chile, se ha convertido en uno de los edulcorantes más populares y de mayor consumo. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la ingesta de Stevia según nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y sexo en una muestra de 473 estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo abril-junio 2014; 67% de sexo femenino y edad promedio de 20,4 ± 2,5 años. El consumo de Stevia fue de 0,85 mg/kg/día, no superó la ingesta diaria admisible (IDA) y, el mayor consumo fue de 83,7% del IDA. Se encontró una mayor ingesta de Stevia en mujeres de NSE alto y medio-alto que se consumieron a través de la ingesta de alimentos y gotas (p<0,05). Al comparar por sexo y NSE, las mujeres de NSE alto presentaron un mayor consumo (0,64 ± 1,4), en comparación con los hombres (0,26 ± 0,48) (p<0,05). Mientras que en los estratos bajos las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres fueron (0,42 ± 0,41) y (0,11 ± 0,42) respectivamente. El principal resultado de este estudio es que el consumo de Stevia es mayor en estudiantes universitarias de mayor nivel socioeconómico, específicamente alto y medio alto. Se esperaría un incremento en el consumo ENCs post incorporación de la nueva ley de etiquetado nutricional (Ley 20.606) del año 2016. Se sugieren nuevas investigaciones acerca del consumo de edulcorantes en grupos poblacionales de distintos estratos socioeconómicos(AU)


Stevia is a non-caloric sweetener of natural origin. In Chile, it has become one of the most popular and widely consumed non-caloric sweeteners. The objective of this study was to compare Stevia intake according to socioeconomic level (SES) and sex in a sample of 473 Chilean university students from Abril to June 2014; 67% female with an average age of 20.4 ± 2.5 years. Stevia consumption did not exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) and the highest consumption reached 83.7% of the ADI. A higher intake of Stevia was found in women with high and medium-high SES consumed in food and drops (p<0.05). Comparing by sex and SES, women with high SES had a higher intake compared to men (p<0.05). While in the lower strata the difference between women and men were (0,42 ± 0,41) and (0,11 ± 0,42) respectively. The main result of this study is that the intake of Stevia is highest in University students in a higher socioeconomic class, specifically high and upper middle classes. This study suggests further research focuses on the consumption of sweeteners in this particular group. An ENCs intake increase would be expected after the incorporation of the new law of nutritional labels in 2016. New investigations of sweeteners intake are suggested in different socioeconomic groups in the population(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Classe Social , Stevia , Adoçantes não Calóricos/administração & dosagem , Aditivos Alimentares , Estudantes , Universidades , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição
4.
Cienc. Trab ; 20(61): 19-26, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-952560

RESUMO

Resumen: El 74,2% de los adultos chilenos tiene malnutrición por exceso (MNE), constituyendo un problema de salud pública; por ello se presenta un estudio exploratorio, corte transversal, usando encues ta semiestructurada y escala de Stunkard; y descriptivo e interpre tativo, levantando categorías de percepción sobre imagen corporal y cultura alimentaria, mediante grupos focales y entrevistas. Su objetivo, comprender percepciones y representaciones sociales res pecto de la malnutrición por exceso de trabajadores del retail, Temuco. Muestra intencionada, consideró 80 trabajadores de dos empresas, de un universo de 380, cumpliendo criterios de inclusión; análisis de datos mediante coeficiente de Spearman y atlas Ti. Resultados: 83,3% y 92,3% de mujeres y hombres con obesidad se autopercibió correctamente (P < 0,05), "todas estamos pasaditas"; trabajadores con sobrepeso normalizan su estado. Imagen deseada de enflaquecida en mujeres (47,1%) y hombres (60,9%), sin diferen cias significativas en ambos. El vestuario ayuda a la negación de la MNE. Falta de tiempo, cansancio, comodidad influyen en la alimen tación. El 54,1% de trabajadores no cumplió con una porción de lácteos, frutas, verduras diaria. El 81,1% se alimenta en el trabajo, desean un casino con alimentación equilibrada. Apremian enfoques para manejo de la autopercepción a equipos de salud. En el ámbito laboral fomentar hábitos saludables a trabajadores.


Abstract: 74.2% of Chilean adults have malnutrition by excess (MNE), consti tuting a public health problem; therefore an exploratory study is presented, cross section, using a semi structured survey and Stunkard scale; and descriptive and interpretative, developing cate gories of perception on body image and alimentary culture, through focus groups and interviews. Its objective is to understand percep tions and social representations regarding to malnutrition by excess of retail workers, Temuco, Chile. Intended sample, considered 80 workers of two companies of a universe of 380, fulfilling inclusion criteria; data analisys using Spearman coefficient and Atlas Ti. Results: 83.3% and 92.3% of women and men with obesity cor rectly self-perceived (P<0.05), "we are all a little overweigh"; over weight workers normalized their status. Desire slim image in women (47.1%) and men (60.9%) without significant differences between each other. The costumes help of denial of the MNE. Lack of time, fatigue and comfort influence alimentation. 54.1% of workers did not complete a daily portion of dairy product, fruits and vegetables. 81.1% of workers eat at work, want a casino with balanced diet. They advocate approaches for managing self-perception to public health system. In the workplace, encourage healthy habits for workers.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Comércio , Hipernutrição/psicologia , Categorias de Trabalhadores/psicologia , Autoimagem , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Local de Trabalho , Dieta , Sobrepeso/psicologia
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(5): 1345-1352, 2017 Nov 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29280650

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There is a huge evidence in adults, that a high level of physical activity and a low level of sedentariness are associated independently with a reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). This association has been poor evaluated in young people and the results are not conclusive. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between CMRF, physical activity and sedentariness in Chilean university students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Sample of 326 students who enrolled at University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, in 2014. They were selected randomly and stratified according to faculty, career and gender. We measured anthropometry, blood pressure, lipidic profile, glycemia, insulin resistance, tobacco and alcohol consumption. These variables were associated with physical activity level (PAL) and sedentariness using the IPAQ questionnaire. RESULTS: The students with a low PAL had a higher probability of abdominal obesity (OR: 4.68; IC 95% 1.86-11.73), metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.80; IC 95% 1.23-11.73) and triglycerides elevated (OR: 2.61 IC 95%; 1.18-5.75), compared with students with moderate and vigorous PAL (p < 0.05). There were no association between CMRF and sedentariness, even after fit by physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between CMRF and PAL which was independent of sedentatiness. We believe it is very important to implement effective physical activity programs at universities. It is necesary to encourage students in order to increase the physical activity level to a moderate and vigorous range with the purpose of decreasing their cardiovascular risk. We consider it is recommendable to keep studying the association between sedentariness and CMRF.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Estudantes , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(2): 431-438, 2017 03 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28421801

RESUMO

Background: On June 27th 2016 the law that regulates sale and advertising of foods high in critical nutrients was implemented in Chile. This law regulates the processed food packaging labelling of foods high in calories, saturated fats, sugars and sodium. Objective: To determine 8-12 year old school children attitudes, from different socioeconomic levels (SEL) and nutritional status, toward the new food labelling law. Methods: A previously validated survey was applied, adding questions regarding the new logos to be added on the packaging of foods and beverages. A descriptive analysis of the variables being studied was conducted and differences in relation to the SEL and nutritional status were determined using the Chi2 test. Results: Statistically significant differences were not observed for gender or city. Regarding the new logos, 87.3% of the children from a medium to high SEL and 78.5% from low SEL indicated that they liked to be informed about the contents of food (p < 0.01). Fifty-three per cent from medium to high SEL and 48% from low SEL would stop buying the foods with logos. Fourteen per cent to 22% will continue to consume sweet biscuits, sugary drinks, chocolates and chips, without a difference in SEL. Children with a normal nutritional status and medium to high SEL placed more importance on logos high in calories, saturated fats and sodium, and children of low SEL on logos high in sugar. Overweight or obese children from medium to high SEL considered all four logos more important than children of low SEL. Discussion: These results will facilitate educational and social marketing support to improve the understanding, compliance and fulfillment of the law.


Introducción: el 27 de junio de 2016 se implementó en Chile la Ley sobre Composición Nutricional de los Alimentos y su Publicidad, que implica rotular el envase de los alimentos procesados, altos en calorías, grasas saturadas, azúcares y sodio. Objetivo: determinar las actitudes de escolares de 8 a 12 años, de distinto nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y estado nutricional, ante el nuevo etiquetado de los alimentos. Métodos: se aplicó una encuesta validada previamente, agregando preguntas sobre los nuevos sellos en los envases de alimentos y bebidas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas y se determinaron diferencias según NSE y estado nutricional con la prueba de Chi2. Resultados: no se observaron diferencias por género o ciudad. Al consultar sobre los nuevos sellos, el 87,3% de los niños de NSE medio-alto y 78,5% de NSE bajo señaló que les gustaba ser informados del contenido de los alimentos (p < 0,01). Dejarían de comprar los alimentos con sello el 53% de NSE medio-alto y 48% de NSE bajo. Del 14% al 22% seguirían comiendo galletas dulces, bebidas azucaradas, chocolates y papas fritas, sin diferencias por NSE. Los niños de estado nutricional normal y NSE medio-alto dieron mayor importancia a los sellos altos en calorías, grasas saturadas y sodio, y los de NSE bajo al contenido alto en azúcar. Entre los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad, los de NSE medio-alto consideraron más importantes los 4 sellos que los de NSE bajo. Discusión: estos resultados facilitarán el apoyo educativo y publicitario para favorecer la comprensión y cumplimiento de la Ley.


Assuntos
Atitude , Legislação sobre Alimentos , Valor Nutritivo , Estudantes , Publicidade , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 34(2): 431-438, mar.-abr. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162505

RESUMO

Introducción: el 27 de junio de 2016 se implementó en Chile la Ley sobre Composición Nutricional de los Alimentos y su Publicidad, que implica rotular el envase de los alimentos procesados, altos en calorías, grasas saturadas, azúcares y sodio. Objetivo: determinar las actitudes de escolares de 8 a 12 años, de distinto nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y estado nutricional, ante el nuevo etiquetado de los alimentos. Métodos: se aplicó una encuesta validada previamente, agregando preguntas sobre los nuevos sellos en los envases de alimentos y bebidas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas y se determinaron diferencias según NSE y estado nutricional con la prueba de Chi2. Resultados: no se observaron diferencias por género o ciudad. Al consultar sobre los nuevos sellos, el 87,3% de los niños de NSE medio-alto y 78,5% de NSE bajo señaló que les gustaba ser informados del contenido de los alimentos (p < 0,01). Dejarían de comprar los alimentos con sello el 53% de NSE medio-alto y 48% de NSE bajo. Del 14% al 22% seguirían comiendo galletas dulces, bebidas azucaradas, chocolates y papas fritas, sin diferencias por NSE. Los niños de estado nutricional normal y NSE medio-alto dieron mayor importancia a los sellos altos en calorías, grasas saturadas y sodio, y los de NSE bajo al contenido alto en azúcar. Entre los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad, los de NSE medio-alto consideraron más importantes los 4 sellos que los de NSE bajo. Discusión: estos resultados facilitarán el apoyo educativo y publicitario para favorecer la comprensión y cumplimiento de la Ley (AU)


Background: On June 27th 2016 the law that regulates sale and advertising of foods high in critical nutrients was implemented in Chile. This law regulates the processed food packaging labelling of foods high in calories, saturated fats, sugars and sodium. Objective: To determine 8-12 year old school children attitudes, from different socioeconomic levels (SEL) and nutritional status, toward the new food labelling law. Methods: A previously validated survey was applied, adding questions regarding the new logos to be added on the packaging of foods and beverages. A descriptive analysis of the variables being studied was conducted and differences in relation to the SEL and nutritional status were determined using the Chi2 test. Results: Statistically significant differences were not observed for gender or city. Regarding the new logos, 87.3% of the children from a medium to high SEL and 78.5% from low SEL indicated that they liked to be informed about the contents of food (p < 0.01). Fifty-three per cent from medium to high SEL and 48% from low SEL would stop buying the foods with logos. Fourteen per cent to 22% will continue to consume sweet biscuits, sugary drinks, chocolates and chips, without a difference in SEL. Children with a normal nutritional status and medium to high SEL placed more importance on logos high in calories, saturated fats and sodium, and children of low SEL on logos high in sugar. Overweight or obese children from medium to high SEL considered all four logos more important than children of low SEL. Discussion: These results will facilitate educational and social marketing support to improve the understanding, compliance and fulfi llment of the law (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Nutrientes/legislação & jurisprudência , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Rotulagem de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Composição de Alimentos , 28599 , Ciências da Nutrição/legislação & jurisprudência
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(1): 362-6, 2015 Jul 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26262739

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: stevia consumption has increased worlwide among the different age groups; however, studies regarding the association between stevia intake and nutritional status in adults are scarce. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate stevia intake in first year university students from five chilean cities (Santiago, Temuco, Viña del Mar, Concepción and Antofagasta) controlling by nutritional status, socioeconomic level, gender and whether their undergraduate program belongs to the health sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 486 first year university students belonging to 4 Chilean universities were evaluated. Each student completed a weekly food frequency questionnaire including food and beverages containing stevia. Selfreport of weight and height was requested. RESULTS: 69.8% of the students consumed stevia every week, the liquid form being the main contributor to the dietary stevia intake (81.2%). Only 1.4% of the students went over the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Normal weight women show a higher stevia intake compared to those obese or overweight (p < 0.05). Finally, stevia consumption appears to be positively associated to normal weight in the first model (adjusted) (OR = 0.219; IC 95%: 0.13-0.35; p < 0.05) and second model (OR = 0.21; IC 95%: 0.13-0.35; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: stevia consumption was positively associated with normal nutritional status in Chilean university students.


Introducción: el consumo de stevia a nivel mundial se ha incrementado en los diferentes grupos etarios; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que muestren la ingesta y asociación con el peso corporal en adultos. Objetivo: evaluar el consumo de stevia en jóvenes universitarios de primer año de cinco ciudades de Chile (Santiago, Temuco, Viña del Mar, Concepción y Antofagasta) de acuerdo al estado nutricional, nivel socioeconómico, sexo y pertenencia al área de la salud. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron 486 estudiantes universitarios (EU) de primer año, pertenecientes a cuatro universidades chilenas. A cada participante se le aplicó una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo semanal con alimentos y bebidas que contienen stevia. Se solicitó el autoinforme de peso y talla. Resultados: el 69,8% de los estudiantes consumen stevia durante la semana. La stevia en gotas constituye el mayor aporte de stevia en la dieta de los estudiantes, con un 63%. Solo el 1,4% de los estudiantes sobrepasaban el IDA para stevia. Las mujeres normopeso presentan una ingesta mayor de stevia que las que tienen sobrepeso u obesidad (p < 0,05). Finalmente, se observó una asociación positiva entre el consumo de stevia y un peso normal, modelo ajustado 1 (OR = 0,219; IC 95%: 0,13-0,35; p < 0,05) y modelo 2 (OR = 0,21; IC 95%: 0,13-0,35; p < 0,05). Conclusión: el consumo de stevia se asoció a un estado nutricional normal en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Estado Nutricional , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Stevia , Estudantes , Edulcorantes , Universidades , Adulto , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(1): 362-366, jul. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141393

RESUMO

Introducción: el consumo de stevia a nivel mundial se ha incrementado en los diferentes grupos etarios; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que muestren la ingesta y asociación con el peso corporal en adultos. Objetivo: evaluar el consumo de stevia en jóvenes universitarios de primer año de cinco ciudades de Chile (Santiago, Temuco, Viña del Mar, Concepción y Antofagasta) de acuerdo al estado nutricional, nivel socioeconómico, sexo y pertenencia al área de la salud. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron 486 estudiantes universitarios (EU) de primer año, pertenecientes a cuatro universidades chilenas. A cada participante se le aplicó una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo semanal con alimentos y bebidas que contienen stevia. Se solicitó el autoinforme de peso y talla. Resultados: el 69,8% de los estudiantes consumen stevia durante la semana. La stevia en gotas constituye el mayor aporte de stevia en la dieta de los estudiantes, con un 63%. Solo el 1,4% de los estudiantes sobrepasaban el IDA para stevia. Las mujeres normopeso presentan una ingesta mayor de stevia que las que tienen sobrepeso u obesidad (p < 0,05). Finalmente, se observó una asociación positiva entre el consumo de stevia y un peso normal, modelo ajustado 1 (OR = 0,219; IC 95%: 0,13-0,35; p < 0,05) y modelo 2 (OR = 0,21; IC 95%: 0,13-0,35; p < 0,05). Conclusión: el consumo de stevia se asoció a un estado nutricional normal en estudiantes universitarios chilenos (AU)


Introduction: stevia consumption has increased worlwide among the different age groups; however, studies regarding the association between stevia intake and nutritional status in adults are scarce. Objective: to evaluate stevia intake in first year university students from five chilean cities (Santiago, Temuco, Viña del Mar, Concepción and Antofagasta) controlling by nutritional status, socioeconomic level, gender and whether their undergraduate program belongs to the health sciences. Materials and methods: 486 first year university students belonging to 4 Chilean universities were evaluated. Each student completed a weekly food frequency questionnaire including food and beverages containing stevia. Selfreport of weight and height was requested. Results: 69.8% of the students consumed stevia every week, the liquid form being the main contributor to the dietary stevia intake (81.2%). Only 1.4% of the students went over the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Normal weight women show a higher stevia intake compared to those obese or overweight (p < 0.05). Finally, stevia consumption appears to be positively associated to normal weight in the first model (adjusted) (OR = 0.219; IC 95%: 0.13-0.35; p < 0.05) and second model (OR = 0.21; IC 95%: 0.13-0.35; p < 0.05). Conclusion: stevia consumption was positively associated with normal nutritional status in Chilean university students (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Stevia , Edulcorantes , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Sacarose na Dieta/análise
10.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 19(2): 70-75, abr.-jun. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142776

RESUMO

Fundamento: “EGO-Escuela” es una estrategia de prevención de la obesidad en escolares de primer año básico que se implementó en Chile en el 2006. El objetivo fue analizar los facilitadores y obstaculizadores de la implementación de la estrategia en tres regiones de Chile. Métodos: Se realizaron grupos focales con directores, profesores y encargados de salud de las escuelas y entrevistas a las encargadas regionales. Este proceso contempló la convocatoria, recolección y trascripción de datos y análisis de la información. Resultados: Entre los facilitadores, los participantes percibieron la estrategia como un cambio real en estilo de vida, percepción positiva del aumento de horas de educación física y la disposición a participar de los directores y encargados de salud. Entre los obstaculizadores, destacó la imposibilidad de insertar un modelo de hábitos para el cuidado de la salud, debido a la competencia con un mercado paralelo de alimentos no saludables que se expenden en el entorno y en la escuela; la falta de continuidad de las actividades desarrolladas y el contexto socioeconómico de las familias. Conclusión: Es necesario que las autoridades consideren los resultados de este estudio para reformular esta estrategia (AU)


Background: “EGO School” is a strategy to prevent obesity among schoolchildren in first grade which was implemented in Chile in 2006. Objective: To analyze the facilitators and barriers of the implementation of the strategy “EGO School” in three regions in Chile. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with principals, teachers and health promoters of schools. Interviews with the regional authorities were also done. This process included calling, data collection, transcription, and analysis of the information. Results: As facilitators are concerned, participants perceived the strategy as a real change in lifestyle. They perceived the increase in hours of physical education as positive. They also perceived as positive the willingness to participate of health promoters and principals. In relation with barriers, participants highlighted the difficulty of inserting a habit model for health care, due to the competition with parallel market unhealthy foods which are sold into the school and its environment. They also complaint about the difficulty to continue with the activities of the strategy. Another problem was the socioeconomic context of families. Conclusions: Authorities need to consider the results of this study to rethink this strategy (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Obesidade Pediátrica/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Programas Gente Saudável/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Comportamento Alimentar
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